Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). This is a major global health issue. This can lead to chronic infections and put people at high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Most people do not experience any symptoms during the acute phase of the infection. However, some people develop an acute illness with symptoms that last several weeks, including yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice), dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.
The hepatitis B vaccine is the mainstay of hepatitis B prevention. The WHO recommends that all infants receive the hepatitis B vaccine as soon as possible after birth, preferably within 24 hours. The birth dose should be followed by 2 or 3 additional doses to complete the primary series.A complete vaccination series induces protective antibody levels in more than 95% infants, children, and young adults. Protection lasts at least 20 years and may be lifelong.
Therefore, the WHO does not recommend booster shots for people who have completed the 3-dose vaccination schedule.
Minimum age: birth
Birth Dose: Only the monovalent HepB vaccine. The monovalent HepB vaccine should be used for doses administered before 6 weeks of age.
Rutin Series:
The full series consists of 3 doses at 0, 1–2, and 6–18 months.
Catch-up vaccination:
Unvaccinated individuals must complete a 3-dose series at 0, 1–2, and 6 months. The interval between the first and second doses is 4 weeks, and the third dose is administered 8 weeks and at least 16 weeks after the first dose.
The full adult course consists of 3 intramuscular injections; the second and third doses are administered 1 and 6 months, respectively, after the first dose.
There are several conditions under which the hepatitis B vaccine is strongly recommended: pregnancy, immunocompromised status (excluding HIV infection), HIV infection, kidney failure, end-stage kidney disease, patients on hemodialysis, heart disease, chronic lung disease, CSF leak/cochlear implant, asplenia and persistent complement component deficiency, chronic liver disease, and diabetes.